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Madagascar Travel Information Guide: Politics · Safety · Health · Travel Information Summary
Madagascar is the world's fourth-largest island and a premier ecological treasure trove where baobabs, lemurs, and sea turtles coexist. The capital Antananarivo, the west coast, and resorts like Nosy Be and Sainte Marie tempt travellers' itineraries, but security and health risks due to poverty and infrastructure limitations are evident. Opportunity crimes such as pickpocketing and burglary are particularly frequent, and road and transport delays are common during the rainy season. This article consolidates information on Madagascar's crime, civil unrest, health risks (malaria/plague), local taboos (Fady), and emergency contacts into one easily searchable resource.
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1) Country Overview
- Political and economic stability is fragile. President Andry Rajoelina, inaugurated in 2019, secured a third term in December 2023, but protests and clashes recurred before and after the election (note political volatility).
- Tourist appeal is world-class, but poverty (aid dependency) and infrastructure limitations mean travellers are easily perceived as targets for the wealthy.
- Pickpocketing is frequent at airports, traditional markets, and crowded locations; avoid walking at night or travelling alone.
- Regional taboos (Fady) vary. Confirm and comply with dress codes, photography restrictions, and access limitations with your local guide.
2) Key Risk Factors
Politics
- Protests occur irregularly; tear gas and clashes were reported during the 2023 election period. Avoid areas near public gatherings and government offices for safety.
Terrorism
- Incidents of small-scale, politically motivated attacks have been reported intermittently, rather than those driven by religious extremism. Exercise heightened vigilance in densely populated areas such as large shopping malls and event venues.
Crime
- Robbery, burglary, and carjacking are on the rise in major cities, port areas, and resort surroundings. If attacked, do not resist.
- Certain national roads, such as RN7 and RN10, are hazardous due to armed robbery and unofficial checkpoints. Avoid long-distance travel at night; pre-booking a reliable driver/vehicle is essential.
- Incidents of violence/robbery targeting foreigners have been reported at Battery Beach (north of Tulear) and certain beaches (Nosy Be, Ansohihy, etc.).
Civil Unrest
- Violent protests may erupt suddenly over elections, criminal cases, or local disputes. Be familiar with evacuation routes to disperse quickly if crowds form.
3) Medical and Health Information (Very Important)
- Medical Infrastructure: Advanced medical care is difficult outside the capital. Serious cases may require medical evacuation to Mauritius, South Africa, or Réunion. Travel insurance covering medical evacuation costs is essential.
- Malaria: Constant risk across significant areas (eastern, western, northern coasts and some highlands). Preventative medication (prescription), mosquito nets, long sleeves, and repellent are fundamental. WHO and the World Malaria Report classify it as a high-risk country.
- Plague (Black Death): The WHO classifies Madagascar as an endemic country. A large-scale outbreak occurred in 2017, spreading to urban areas, with a high risk of occurrence during the rainy season (transmission possible via fleas and respiratory routes).
- Dengue and Chikungunya: Mosquito-borne infections have been reported. Preventing mosquito bites is the best defence.
- Vaccination Recommendations: Update DTP, MMR (measles), typhoid, and hepatitis A/B (depending on travel itinerary). Regularly check alerts/monitoring updates for measles and polio.
4) Practical Travel & On-Site Safety
- Carry original ID documents; store copies and spare photos in the hotel safe.
- Police impersonation warning: Verify official identification when requested; refuse arbitrary demands for money or valuables.
- Roads: Secondary roads impassable and frequently flooded during the rainy season. Avoid night driving; lock doors and close windows even in urban areas.
- Transportation: Book verified rental cars/drivers or reputable agencies. Public transport (minibuses/taxi buses) is not recommended due to overcrowding and poor maintenance.
- Photography: Do not photograph security personnel, public institutions, military or police-related facilities. Prior confirmation of local portrait rights and Fady taboos is essential.
- Quarantine/Health: Cases exist where travellers transiting through cholera-affected countries were requested to take preventive medication at the airport (follow on-site guidance).
5) Regional Points of Caution
- Antananarivo: Pickpocketing around traditional markets and train stations; potential for gatherings near Independence Square and government offices.
- Nosy Be and West Coast (Tulear area): Reports of beach robberies and night-time incidents; avoid Battery Beach.
- National Roads RN7/RN10 etc.: Prohibited for night-time or solo travel; beware of checkpoints and vehicles feigning breakdowns.
- National Parks: Travel with a guide and stick to designated trails; avoid entering alone at dawn or dusk.
6) Emergency Contacts
- Police 117 / Fire Service 117 / Ambulance 118
📌 Final Checklist Before Travel
Passport·Visa/Customs
- Carry original passport; keep copies and digital copies separate. Distribute cash holdings.
Health
- Malaria Prevention medication: Establish prescription and dosage schedule. Prepare mosquito nets, repellents, and long sleeves. Plan assuming malaria endemic status as indicated by WHO.
- Plague/Dengue·Chikungunya: Regularly check information. Minimise exposure in outdoor areas, markets, and to rats, fleas, and mosquitoes.
- Travel insurance covering medical evacuation costs is essential; prepare personal first-aid supplies, sterile gauze, and oral rehydration solution.
Security
- Prepare for pickpocketing at airports, markets, and bus terminals (use zip-fastened bags, crossbody bags, RFID-blocking wallets).
- Avoid night-time travel; do not display cash, luxury goods, or jewellery.
- For long-distance travel on routes like RN7/RN10, travel during daylight hours and book reputable transport providers in advance.
Culture and Norms
- Fady (Taboo): Pre-confirm restrictions on dress, access, photography, and conduct. Always consult your guide.
- Prohibited from photographing security personnel or public institutions; verify drone permits.
Emergency Plan
- Set up location sharing with 24-hour contact numbers for your accommodation, guide, and insurer.
- Immediately evacuate if protests occur; avoid crowds, intersections, and areas near government offices.
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